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159 نتائج ل "Cypher, James M"
صنف حسب:
The process of economic development
\"The period since the publication of the third edition of The Process of Economic Development has been a time of immense change in the developing world. China, India and Brazil have enjoyed a period of huge economic growth while smaller countries such as Vietnam and Angola have also been subject to striking transformation. Environmental issues such as climate change have also had a huge impact, while issues of security in the Middle East and elsewhere have underlined the importance of natural resources and the ongoing forces of globalization.The fourth edition of this popular textbook has been updated to reflect the new challenges faced by developing countries across Asia, Latin America and Africa, while retaining its ever important emphasis on institutions, the importance of technology and the influence of global finance and business\"-- Provided by publisher.
State and Capital in Mexico
For the past twenty-eight years I have traveled to and periodically lived in Mexico. As an extranjero I have enjoyed the advantage of association with nearly every social strata-from descamisados in ciudades perdidas to members of the elite. These have been my maestros, and I owe them a great deal.
T-MEC en el espejo del TLCAN: Engañosas ilusiones, brutales realidades
Se analiza fundamental el desempeño del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, así como sus diferencias y convergencias con el Tratado México, Estados Unidos y Canadá de manera destacada en la industria automotriz y el efecto que se ha expresado en el mundo del trabajo en México.  
The Political Economy of Systemic U.S. Militarism
The U.S. industrial-military-congressional complex is made up of the interdependent dynamics of military contractor corporations, military forces, intelligence agencies, and the civilian national security state, which take form as strategy, political-economy factors, and international affairs shift.
Remembering Doug Dowd
Political economist Doug Dowd was a significant figure in the field of economics who was made fearless by years of facing combat death and the ever-present risks of piloting military aircraft. He used his voice and his flowing prose to fight for progressive social change in the U.S.
The origins and evolution of military Keynesianism in the United States
From after World War II until late 1971, the U.S. economy demonstrated new capacities in terms of macroeconomic stability during the so-called Golden Age: recessions were brief and shallow while growth was strong, generating shared returns for the working class, a burgeoning middle class, as well as for capital-owners. Neither then nor up to now has there been sufficient recognition of the key role played by military expenditures in this dynamic process. These enormous outlays at times accounted for as much as 25 percent of gross domestic product-including their induced multiplier effects. This article examines the origins of what has been termed \"military Keynesianism\" during the Golden Age, emphasizing the little-known leading role played by Leon Keyserling. Keyserling exercised behind-the-scenes power in order to convert Keynesian theory into a macroeconomic policy that would be both consistent with the U.S. institutional context and sufficiently large to promote long-term conditions for full employment. With a degree of audacity, at a historically opportune moment given the socioeconomic resonance of the foundational document known as \"NSC-68\" promulgated by the \"state within the state\"-the National Security State-Keyserling successfully challenged the fallacious neoclassical \"law\" of guns or butter.
Emerging Contradictions of Brazil's Neo-Developmentalism: Precarious Growth, Redistribution, and Deindustrialization
Brazil's political-economic structure has rapidly evolved over the past decade, shedding its shallow policy alignment with neoliberalism of the 1990s. Brazil's large, diversified industrial base was painfully constructed over the course of the twentieth century. A major and sustained political realignment, which began in 2003, has resulted in two essential thrusts in development policy: (i) a \"growth with equity\" strategy that has dramatically reduced poverty and inequality; and (ii) a state-led \"industrial policy\" designed to upgrade manufacturing and direct the accumulation process toward specific sectors, highlighting and consolidating the National Innovation System (NIS). Nonetheless, as a result of the commodity boom that swept through Latin America, Brazil's natural resource sector achieved outsized growth from 2002 to 2012. One result has been a shift toward resource intensive activities and a broad opening to low-cost Chinese manufactures. Utilizing an institutionalist framework and method, this article analyzes the cohesion of the NIS and the emergence of the \"deindustrialization\" debate. Also, it assesses the instrumental nature of the \"growth with equity\" strategy. The article hypothesizes the viability of an endogenous \"neo-developmentalist\" strategy, while acknowledging the emergence of fundamental exogenous forces and structural ceremonial/institutional factors that have impeded the consolidation of a Brazilian social structure of accumulation.
Inside the Institution of Growthmanship: Reprising the Stagnation Hypothesis
Growthmanship - the once institutionalized legacy of the Keynesian revolution in the US - holds that rapid, sustained growth in GDP should be (and can be) the uppermost macroeconomic policy objective. Postulating the automaticity of market forces, the Chicago school's ascendency in the early 1970s effectively marginalized growthmanship, while eliding stagnation and refocusing economics on vacuous, equilibrium-driven models. As a result, growthmanship was superseded by the institutionalization of wage stagnation as a macroeconomic policy objective. An institutionalist analysis of stagnation posits conditional and contingent conjunctures and denies the determinism underlying the conceptualization of permanent tendencies. I hypothesize the emergence of a social structure of redistribution based on the institutionalization of wage stagnation. Wage stagnation is a condition arising from the pursuit of neoliberal macroeconomic policies that are antithetical to full employment and wage growth.
China and Latin America
How has the increasing economic influence of China, especially since 2000, affected Latin American countries? Has China's recent impact led to a structural shift in the underlying political economy of the region? Has this effect been, on balance, positive, negative, or too complex to be reducible to a normative analysis? Is it the case that, because of ongoing dynamics and the generation of ever newer accords, reached annually if not biannually between China and various Latin American countries, such an assessment lies only in the future.